Pasirose - Premier Propylene Glycol: Musanganiswa weOrganic Unoshanda Zvakasiyana-siyana

Hunhu hwemuviri nemakemikari

Chitarisiko uye Kunhuhwirira: Propylene glycol inoonekwa semvura isina ruvara, inoonekera, uye ine viscous. Ine kuravira kunotapira zvishoma uye haina hwema, izvo zvinoita kuti ikwanise kushandiswa kana paine chimiro chepfungwa chisina kusimba.

Kunyunguduka: Inoratidza kusawirirana kwakanaka, ichikwanisa kusanganiswa zvizere nemvura, ethanol, ether, acetone, chloroform, nezvimwe zvinonyungudutsa zve organic. Hunhu uhwu hunoibvumira kushanda se solvent inoshanda uye emulsifier mumafomu akasiyana-siyana.

Zvinhu Zvinokosha Zvemuviri: Nehuremu hwemolar hwe76.09 g/mol, propylene glycol ine density inosvika 1.036 g/cm³ pa25°C, iyo ine density shoma pane mvura. Poindi yayo yekunyunguduka ndeye -59°C, zvichiita kuti irambe iri mumvura panguva yekupisa kwakafara. Poindi yekufashaira inomira pa188.2°C pasi pekumanikidzwa kwakajairwa, zvichiratidza kugadzikana kwayo pakupisa kwakajairwa. Poindi yeflash yakakwira, inenge 99°C (yakavharwa - kapu), zvichideredza njodzi yekubatidzwa netsaona.

Kuitika kweMakemikoro: Se diol, propylene glycol inogona kutora chikamu mumaitiro akasiyana-siyana emakemikari anowanzoitwa nemapoka edoro. Inogona kugadzira maester kana ikasanganiswa necarboxylic acids, izvo zvakakosha mukugadzirwa kwezvigadzirwa zvakawanda zvemaindasitiri nevatengi. Pamusoro pezvo, inogona kusangana nemaitiro ekushaya mvura mumuviri pasi pemamiriro chaiwo, zvichikonzera kuumbwa kwe intramolecular cyclic ethers kana intermolecular polymers.

Nzvimbo dzeKushandisa

Indasitiri yezvekudya nezvinonwiwa: Propylene glycol inoshanda mabasa akawanda muchikamu ichi. Inoshanda semushonga unobvisa hunyoro, ichibatsira kuchengetedza hunyoro muzvigadzirwa zvekudya zvakaita sezvikafu zvakabikwa, maswiti, nezvinhu zvemukaka, nokudaro ichiramba ichishanda uye ichichengetedza hunyoro hwazvo. Semushonga unonyungudutsa, inoshandiswa kunyungudutsa manakiro, mavara, uye zvinochengetedza, ichivimbisa kupararira kwakafanana mumafomu ezvekudya nezvinwiwa. Semuenzaniso, inowanzo kuwanikwa muzvinonhuwira zvemvura zvezvinwiwa zvisina kupfava uye semutakuri wemafuta akakosha muzvigadzirwa zvekudya. Inotenderwawo sechinowedzera chikafu (E1520) muEuropean Union, uye inowanzo zivikanwa seyakachengeteka (GRAS) neUS Food and Drug Administration (FDA) kana ikashandiswa mukati memiganhu yakatarwa.

Indasitiri yeMishonga: Mumishonga, propylene glycol inoita basa rakakosha. Inoshandiswa zvakanyanya semushonga wemishonga isinganyungudike nyore mumvura, zvichiita kuti ikwanise kunyungudika mumvura, kuibaya jekiseni, uye mishonga yemushonga. Semuenzaniso, mumishonga yakawanda yemvura inonwiwa, propylene glycol inobatsira kunyungudutsa mishonga inoshanda, zvichiita kuti ive nechokwadi chekuti inopinzwa zvakanaka. Mumishonga yemushonga senge kirimu nemafuta, inoshanda semushonga unobvisa huturu uye inosimudzira kupinda kwemishonga, ichivandudza kunwa kwemishonga paganda. Inewo zvimwe zvinhu zvinorwisa mabhakitiriya uye zvinouraya fungus, zvichibatsira kuchengetedza mishonga yemushonga.

Zvizoro uye Kutarisirwa Kwemunhu: Propylene glycol chinhu chikuru chiri muzvigadzirwa zvakawanda zvekuzora uye zvekuchengetedza muviri. Muzvigadzirwa zvekuchengetedza ganda zvakaita sezvinyorovesa, serums, uye zvinochenesa, inoshanda semushonga unobvisa hunyoro kubva mumhepo uye unosunga paganda, nokudaro ichichengetedza ganda rine mvura. Hunhu hwayo hwekunyungudutsa hunoita kuti ikwanise kunyungudutsa zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana zvinoshanda uye zvinonhuhwirira, zvichiita kuti zvive zvakaenzana muzvigadzirwa. Inoshandiswawo muzvigadzirwa zvekuchengetedza vhudzi zvakaita seshampoos uye conditioners kuti ivandudze magadzirirwo azvo uye kubatsira nekuendesa zvinhu zvinobatsira kushaft yevhudzi. Mukugadzira nail polish, propylene glycol inoshanda seplasticizer, ichidzivirira kuti polish isave yakaoma uye itsvedze nyore.

Mashandisirwo Emaindasitiri: Propylene glycol chinhu chakakosha mukugadzirwa kwezvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana zvemaindasitiri. Chinhu chakakosha mukugadzirwa kwemaresini epolyester asina kuguta, ayo anoshandiswa zvakanyanya mukugadzira mapurasitiki akasimbiswa nefiberglass. Mapurasitiki aya anoshandiswa mumaindasitiri akadai semotokari, kuvaka, uye emugungwa, nekuda kwesimba rawo guru - kusvika - huremu uye kuramba ngura. Muindasitiri yemotokari, maformula epropylene glycol-based antifreeze uye coolant anoshandiswa kudzora tembiricha yemainjini, kudzivirira kupisa zvakanyanya uye kuomesa nechando. Inoshandawo se solvent uye inotakura mu coatings, inks, uye glues, ichivandudza mashandiro avo uye hunhu hwekushandisa.

Nzira dzekugadzirira

Kubviswa kweEpoxy Propane Hydrolysis: Iyi ndiyo imwe yenzira dzakajairika dzemaindasitiri. Mukuita uku, epoxy propane (propylene oxide) inopindirana nemvura kana paine catalyst. Kuita uku kunogona kuitika mumamiriro akasiyana. Munzira yemvura yakananga, tembiricha yepamusoro (inenge 150 - 200°C) uye kumanikidzwa (0.98 - 2.94 MPa) zvinoshandiswa, nechiyero chemvura-ku-epoxy propane molar chinowanzoita 20. Kunyangwe chiyero chekushandurwa kwe epoxy propane kuita propylene glycol chinogona kusvika 85%, zvimwe zvigadzirwa zve polypropylene glycol zvinogadzirwawo. Imwe nzira ndeye acid-catalyzed hydrolysis, uko huwandu hushoma hwe acid catalyst (senge sulfuric acid) hunowedzerwa. Kuita uku kunoitwa patembiricha yakaderera (50 - 70°C), uye chigadzirwa chinobuda chinofanira kuregedzwa uye kucheneswa kuburikidza nemaitiro akadai se vacuum distillation kuti pave ne high-purity propylene glycol.

Hydrogenolysis yeGlycerol Catalytic: Glycerol inogona kushandiswa sechigadzirwa chekugadzira propylene glycol. Munzira iyi, glycerol inotanga yave neprotonation yemapoka ayo ehydroxyl, ichiteverwa ne intramolecular dehydration kuti igadzire zvigadzirwa zvepakati zvakaita se enols uye keto-aldehyde tautomers. Izvi zvigadzirwa zvepakati zvinozove nehydrogenation paine catalyst (yakadai se copper-based catalyst), pakupedzisira zvichiburitsa 1,2- propylene glycol. Nzira iyi ine mukana wekushandisa renewable feedstock (glycerol), iyo inogona kuwanikwa kubva kuzvinhu zvakaita se biodiesel production.

Nzira dzeBiotekinoroji: Mamwe mabhakitiriya, akadai semamwe marudzi emabhakitiriya nembiriso, anogona kugadzirwa kuti agadzire propylene glycol kuburikidza nemaitiro ekuvirisa. Semuenzaniso, nekuchinja majini Escherichia coli kana Klebsiella pneumoniae, anogona kugadzirwa kuti ashandure shuga (senge glucose) kana glycerol kuita propylene glycol. Iyi nzira ye biotechnological ine hushamwari kune zvakatipoteredza kana tichienzanisa nenzira dzechinyakare dzemakemikari, sezvo ichishanda mumamiriro ekunze asina kusimba uye inogona kushandisa manyuko ecarbon anogona kushandiswazve. Zvisinei, kubereka uye kushanda kwenzira idzi kuchiri nzvimbo dzekutsvaga nekuvandudza.

Zvekungwaririra

Zvinhu Zvinofanira Kufungwa Nezvehutano: Kunyange hazvo propylene glycol ichiwanzoonekwa seyakachengeteka kushandiswa muzvikafu, mishonga, uye zvizoro mukati memiganhu inotenderwa, kuiswa paganda rakawanda kana kunwiwa kunogona kukanganisa hutano. Kudya zvakawanda kunogona kutungamira kuzviratidzo zvakaita sekusvotwa, kurutsa, uye manyoka. Muzviitiko zvakakomba, zvinogona kukonzera metabolic acidosis, mamiriro ezvinhu apo muviri unounganidza acid yakawandisa. Kusangana neganda nepropylene glycol yakawandisa kunogona kukonzera kutsamwa kune vamwe vanhu, kunyanya avo vane ganda rinonzwa kurwadza. Kuiswa paganda kwenguva refu kana kakawanda kunofanirwa kudzivirirwa. Kana ikashandiswa munzvimbo dzemaindasitiri, mhepo yakakwana inodiwa kudzivirira kufema hutsi hwepropylene glycol, sezvo kufema kwakakwira kunogona kukonzera kusagadzikana kwekufema.

Njodzi dzeMoto neKuputika: Propylene glycol inobvira moto, kunyange zvazvo ine poindi yekupisa yakanyanya. Utsi hwayo hunogona kugadzira musanganiswa unoputika nemhepo pasi pemamwe mamiriro ezvinhu. Nzvimbo dzekuchengetera nekubata dzinofanira kuchengetedzwa kure nemoto wakavhurika, marasha, nezvimwe zvinhu zvinobatidza moto. Midziyo yekuchengetera isingatsvi moto uye michina yekudzima moto yakakodzera inofanira kuwanikwa munzvimbo dzinochengeterwa kana kushandiswa propylene glycol.
Kukanganiswa Kwakakomberedza: Kunyange hazvo propylene glycol ichiora, kuburitswa kukuru munzvimbo dzakakomberedza, kunyanya mumvura, kunogona kukanganisa. Munzvimbo dzemumvura, inogona kushandisa okisijeni painoora, zvichikanganisa zvipenyu zvemumvura. Nokudaro, matanho akakodzera ekutarisira marara uye kudzora kuburitswa kwepropylene glycol munzvimbo dzakakomberedza anofanira kunge aripo kudzivirira kuburitswa kusingadzoreki kwepropylene glycol munzvimbo dzakakomberedza.

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