Glyphosate: Kemikari Inoshandiswa Zvakanyanya uye Inokosha Yekurima
Minda mikuru yekushandisa
Mukurima, glyphosate mushonga wekuuraya sora. Unoshanda nekudzivisa enzyme ye5 - enolpyruvylshikimate - 3 - phosphate synthase (EPSPS) muzvirimwa. Iyi enzyme yakakosha pakugadzirwa kwearomatic amino acids, ayo akakosha pakukura kwezvirimwa. Nekuvharira iyi enzyme, glyphosate inokanganisa mashandiro emuviri wemasora, zvichiita kuti asvetuke zvishoma nezvishoma uye afe. Hunhu hwayo hwemuviri hunoita kuti inyudzwe nemashizha uye ifambe mumiti yese, zvichiuraya zvikamu zviri pamusoro pevhu nepasi pevhu zvesora, kusanganisira midzi. Izvi zvinoita kuti ishande zvakanyanya pakudzora masora anogara kwenguva refu ayo angaomera kubvisa.
Glyphosate inoenderana nemhando dzakasiyana dzezvirimwa. Muzvirimwa zvakagadziriswa majini (GM) zvakagadzirwa kuti zvikwanise kushivirira glyphosate, zvakaita sesoya, chibage, nedonje, zvinogona kupfapfaidzwa zvakananga pamusoro pezvirimwa zviri kukura kudzora masora pasina kukuvadza chirimwa pachacho. Izvi zvakachinja maitiro ekurima, zvichibvumira kudzora sora zvakanyanya uye zvakakura, zvichideredza kudiwa kwekurima nekugadzira michina uye kuderedza kukurwa kwevhu. Pamusoro pezvo, muzvirimwa zvisiri zveGM, glyphosate inogona kushandiswa kudzora sora risati radyarwa kana mushure mekukohwa, kugadzirira ivhu kuti ridyarwe kana kuona kuti nzvimbo dzakakohwewa dzinoramba dzisina sora.
Kunze kwekurima, glyphosate inoshandiswawo munzvimbo dzisiri dzekurima. Inoshandiswa kudzora sora munzvimbo dzemaindasitiri, mumigwagwa, mumigero yezvitima, uye munzvimbo dzakatenderedza nzvimbo dzemagetsi. Nekuchengetedza nzvimbo idzi dzisina miti isingadiwe, inobatsira kuchengetedza zvivakwa, inoderedza njodzi dzemoto, uye inovandudza kuchengetedzeka.
Pasinei nemabhenefiti ayo akawanda, glyphosate yave ichikonzera gakava. Kune kushushikana kwakataurwa pamusoro pekukanganisa kwayo nharaunda nehutano hwevanhu. Dzimwe ongororo dzakaratidza hukama hunogona kuitika kune dzimwe nyaya dzehutano, kunyangwe kubvumirana kwesainzi panyaya idzi kuchiramba kwakapatsanurwa. Nekuda kweizvozvo, vane masimba ekutonga pasi rese vanga vachinyatso tarisa kushandiswa kwayo, vachiita mitemo yakaoma pamusoro pemitengo yekushandisa kwayo, matanho ekuchengetedza, uye zvinodiwa zvekunyora mazita.
Mukuchengetedza, glyphosate inofanira kuchengetwa munzvimbo inotonhorera, yakaoma, kure nezuva rakananga nezvinhu zvisingaenderane nezvinodiwa. Pakushandisa glyphosate, midziyo yakakodzera yekudzivirira muviri, yakaita semagirovhosi, magogorosi, uye mbatya dzekudzivirira, inofanira kupfekwa kudzivirira kusvibiswa. Pamusoro pezvo, kurasa chero chigadzirwa chisina kushandiswa kana kurongedza kwakakosha kudzivirira kusvibiswa kwezvakatipoteredza.
Magadzirirwo
| Zita rechigadzirwa | Glyphosate | |||||||||
| Fomura yeMakemikari | C₃H₈NO₅P | |||||||||
| Kurema kweMorekuru | 169.07 | |||||||||
| Chitarisiko | upfu huchena | |||||||||
| Nzvimbo Yokunyunguduka | 230°C | |||||||||
| Kuwanda kwevanhu | 1.747 g/cm³ | |||||||||
| Nhamba yeCAS | 1071 - 83 - 6 | |||||||||
| Kodhi yeHS | 29319000.9 | |||||||||
| EINECS Kwete | 213 - 997 - 4 | |||||||||
| Kushandiswa | Kudzora sora rekurima, kutonga sora remumunda risingarimwe | |||||||||
Pepa Rekudzora Hunhu
| Zita rechigadzirwa | Glyphosate | ||||||
| CHINHU | Kukosha Kwakajairika (%) | Kukosha kwekuyedza (%) | |||||
| Chikamu cheGlyphosate huremu % | ≥95.0 | 95.60% | |||||
| Chikamu cheFormaldehyde g/kg | ≤1.2 | 0.2 | |||||
| Chinhu chisinganyungudike cheSodium hydroxide g/kg | ≤0.2 | 0.1 | |||||
| Chikamu cheNitrosoglyphosate mass mg/kg | ≤1.0 | 0.30% | |||||
Muchidimbu
Muchidimbu, glyphosate, pasinei nenharo dziri kuenderera mberi pamusoro pekushandiswa kwayo, ichiri kemikari inokosha mukurima kwemazuva ano uye mukutonga sora risingashandiswe muzvirimwa. Kushanda kwayo zvakanaka, kushandiswa kwakasiyana-siyana, uye kukanganisa kwayo kubudirira kwekurima kwakaita kuti ive nechikamu chakakosha mukugadzirwa kwechikafu pasi rose. Sezvo tsvakurudzo ichienderera mberi uye mitemo ichichinja, ramangwana reglyphosate ringangosanganisira kuenzana pakati pezvakanakira zvayo nekuedza kugadzirisa zvinonetsa zvine chekuita nazvo.